THE WISDOM OF BEN SIRAVolume 39T H E ANCHOR BIBLE is a fresh approach to the world's greatest classic. Its object is to make the Bible accessible to the modern reader; its method is to arrive at the meaning of biblical literature through exact translation and extended exposition, and to reconstruct the ancient setting of the biblical story, as well as the circumstances of its transcription and the characteristics of its transcribers. T H E ANCHOR BIBLE is a project of international and interfaith scope. Protes tant, Catholic, and Jewish scholars from many countries contribute individ ual volumes. The project is not sponsored by any ecclesiastical organization and is not intended to reflect any particular theological doctrine. Prepared under our joint supervision, T H E ANCHOR BIBLE is an effort to make avail able all the significant historical and linguistic knowledge which bears on the interpretation of the biblical record.
T H E ANCHOR BIBLE is aimed at the general reader with no special formal training in biblical studies; yet, it is written with the most exacting standards of scholarship, reflecting the highest technical accomplishment. This project marks the beginning of a new era of cooperation among scholars in biblical research, thus forming a common body of knowledge to be shared by all. William Foxwell Albright David Noel Freedman GENERAL EDITORSTHE A N C H O R BIBLETHE WISDOM OF BEN SIRA A New Translation with Notes By fPATRICK W. SKEHAN Introduction and Commentary By ALEXANDER A. DI LELLA, O.F.M.DouMeday NEW YORK 1987NIHIL OBSTATChristopher Begg, S.T.D., Censor Deputatus IMPRIMI POTESTAlban A. Maguire, O.F.M., Minister Provincial IMPRIMATURRev.
Boland, Vicar General Archdiocese of Washington January 10, 1986The Nihil obstat and Imprimatur are official declarations that a book or pamphlet is free of doctrinal or moral error. No implication is contained therein that those who have granted the Nihil obstat and Imprimatur agree with the content, opinions, or statements expressed.Scripture quotations outside the Wisdom of Ben Sira are taken generally from the New Ameri can Bible, copyright © 1970 by the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Washington, D.C., and are used by permission of copyright owner. All rights reserved. Part IX of the Introduction, 'The Poetry of Ben Sira,' was originally published in Eretz-Israel 16 (1982) 26.-33., copyright © by the Israel Exploration Society, and is used by permission of copyright owner. Material from Women's Life in Greece and Rome by M. Lefkowitz and M. Fant (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977), used by permission of the copyright holder.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bible.
The Wisdom of Ben Sira. (The Anchor Bible; vol. 39) Bibliography: p. Includes indexes. Ecclesiasticus— Criticism, interpretation, etc.
Skehan, Patrick W. (Patrick William), d. Di Leila, Alexander A. Series: Bible. Anchor Bible. BS192.2.A11964.G3 vol. 39 220.77 s 229'.4077 86-8989 BS1763 ISBN 0-385-13517-3Copyright © 1987 by Doubleday & Company Inc.
All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America First EditionTHE APOCRYPHA The term 'Apocrypha' (or 'deuterocanonical books' in Roman Catholic usage) is popularly understood to describe the fifteen books or parts of books from the pre-Christian period that the Roman Catholic, Orthodox, and East ern churches accept, wholly or partially, as canonical Scripture but Protes tants and Jews do not. The designation and the definition are inaccurate on many counts. An apocryphon is literally a 'hidden writing,' kept secret from all but the initiate, being too exalted for the general public; virtually none of these books makes such a claim. Roman Catholics do not accept all of them as canonical Scripture, for 1 and 2 Esdras and the Prayer of Manasseh are not included in the official Catholic canon drawn up at the Council of Trent (1545-63).
Many Protestant churches have no official decision declaring these books to be noncanonical; in fact, up to the last century they were included in most English Protestant Bibles. What is certain is that these books did not find their way into the final Jewish Palestinian canon of Scripture. Thus, despite their Jewish origins (though parts of 2 Esdras are Christian and Latin in origin), they were pre served for the most part in Greek by Christians as a heritage from the Alex andrian Jewish community and their basic text is found in the codices of the LXX. However, recent discoveries, especially that of the Dead Sea Scrolls, have brought to light the original Hebrew or Aramaic texts of some of these books. Leaving aside the question of canonicity, Christians and Jews now unite in recognizing the importance of these books for tracing the history of Judaism and Jewish thought in the centuries between the last of the Hebrew Scriptures and the advent of Christianity.PREFACE Shortly after I sent off the manuscript of The Book of Daniel (AB 23, 1978), a work I coauthored with Professor Louis F. Hartman, C.SS.R.
(died August 22, 1970), Anchor Bible editor David Noel Freedman mailed back to me several pages of helpful observations, criticisms, and corrections. In the cov ering letter, dated January 23, 1977, Freedman first expressed his apprecia tion and gratitude for the work, and then, being the ever-conscientious editor who never misses an opportunity, invited me to contribute another volume to the Anchor Bible, The Wisdom of Ben Sira. My initial reaction was dismay.
I had just begun to enjoy the relief that followed years of work on the Daniel volume. So I decided to reject the invitation.
I then spoke with my friend and colleague, Professor Patrick W. Skehan, an acknowledged expert in the com plicated text and ancient versions of Ben Sira, and told him I would like to suggest his name to Freedman for the project. Skehan said he enjoyed work ing on the text but would not feel comfortable writing the commentary. He then said to me, 'Why not do the volume together?
I'll do the translation and notes; you write the introduction and commentary.' This was a harder offer to refuse; so I agreed. Freedman and Doubleday & Company did, too. As of late August 1980 Professor Skehan had completed the translation and notes of the grandson's Foreword and of 1:1-38:23, 39:12-35, and 4 4: 1 51:12 (including the litany of praise after 51:12 in MS B). Earlier that sum mer he had told me he was keeping the more difficult sections till later. Unfortunately, however, there was to be no later. On August 25, Skehan suffered a massive heart attack.
When I visited him in the hospital, he insisted on telling me a story even though he was attached to monitors and an oxygen tank. He said, 'You'll never guess what I was working on when I got my heart attack.' I guessed it was work on Ben Sira. He said, 'Right, but you'll have a good laugh when you hear which section it was. I was doing the poem that opens with the words: 'Make friends with the physician, for he is essen tial to y o u ' ' (38:1).
The comedy and irony were even greater than Skehan realized. The section he had just finished before his final illness is entitled 'Sickness and D e a t h ' (38:1-23). He died on September 9, a few days short of his seventy-first birthday. The text of 38:16 reads:XPREFACEMy son, shed tears for one who is dead with wailing and bitter lament; As is only proper, prepare the body, absent not yourself from his burial. I followed Ben Sira's injunctions.
I did the translation and notes of 38:24-34, 39:1-11, 40:1-43:33, and 51:13-30. In great measure I followed Skehan's procedure of adapting and revising the N A B translation of Sirach, which years before had been done mostly by him.
I alone am responsible for the Introduction, general Bibliogra phy, and commentary. Since I was away on sabbatical the academic year before his death, Skehan read little of the materials I had written up to the summer of 1980. Needless to say, the present volume would have been better had Skehan lived for us to be in dialogue in all stages of production up to final publication. I have left Skehan's contribution just about as he wrote it, making minor revisions only to eliminate inconsistencies and the like. Since death intervened before he and I could discuss a few disputed matters, I decided to keep his translation and notes virtually unchanged and to give my (alternate) views in the commentary (see, for example, 10:19-11:6). I did this out of respect for his outstanding ability and to preserve his views on the issues involved. In this way the reader may benefit, I hope, from the occasional differences of opinion Skehan and I express.
On all other matters it may be assumed that he and I are in basic agreement. The chapter and verse numbers in the present translation of Ben Sira are those found in J. Ziegler's definitive edition in the Gottingen Septuagint. Since, however, in all the extant Greek MSS two sections of the text, 30:2533:13a and 33:13b-36:16a, are given in reverse order (see INTRODUCTION, Part VIII, 3b), we have followed the chapter and verse numbers that Ziegler in these places puts in parentheses in order to preserve the original order of the material. Unfortunately, many translations of Sirach (e.g., NAB, RSV, NEB) have chapter and verse numbers that correspond neither to the Greek nor to the Latin numbering. Thus, for example, 4 2: l a - d of our translation is listed as 41:23 in RSV and 41:23-24 in N A B and NEB; and 44:23fg, as 45:lab of RSV, N A B, and N E B.
I appeal to all scholars and Bible translators to adopt Ziegler's enumeration as described here, so that in future the references to a specific passage in Ben Sira may be uniform. The New Revised Standard Version (to be published probably in 1990) has already adopted Ziegler's numbering system.
References to all other texts of the Hebrew Bible are given, as in N A B and NJV, according to the chapter and verse numbering found in BHK and BHS, the standard editions of the M T. Here, too, there is a discrepancy: the enu meration in many English Bibles differs from that found in M T. Thus, forPREFACExiinstance, Dan 3:31-33 of M T is listed as 4:1-3 in RSV, N E B, NIV, and TEV; and Dan 4:1-34, as 4:4-37. To avoid confusion, writers often refer to such passages in this way: Dan 3:31-33 ( E T = E n g l i s h Translation 4:1-3), or Dan 4:1-3 (Heb 3:31-33), a cumbersome system, which could be avoided quite simply if translators and publishers of the English Bible used in future only the enumeration of the M T. In order to conserve space, references to the various works cited in this volume are generally given in abbreviated form. For full bibliographical de tails the reader should first go to the Index of Authors, which provides (in addition to the usual information) an alphabetical listing of all authors found in the six sections of the Bibliography; an asterisk next to a number in that Index indicates the page of the Bibliography to be consulted. I had the honor of writing a tribute to my esteemed colleague, Patrick W.
Skehan, in CBQ 42 (1980): 4 3 5 - 3 7. 1 consider it a further privilege to dedicate my portion of the present work to his hallowed memory; and acting as his proxy and in my own name, I dedicate his portion of the volume to his sister, Margaret R. I received an award for Theological Scholarship and Research from the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada to help defray costs of my 1979-80 sabbatical leave for work on Ben Sira. I am grateful to the A.T.S.
For its generous grant. That sabbatical year I lived at St.
George's Friary, the Newman Center of the University of Cincinnati. There my brother Franciscans, who welcomed me into their community, provided not only excellent company and stimulating conversation, but also a quiet and congenial atmosphere in which to study and write. I extend my thanks to them all for their fraternal hospitality and moral support.
My gratitude goes also to General Editor David Noel Freedman for his many corrections, com ments, and suggestions for improvement; to copy editor Elaine Chubb for her careful work; to Kathleen Weber for compiling the indexes; and to Adminis trative Editor Theresa M. D'Orsogna and her staff at Doubleday & Company for seeing the volume through to publication.
September 30, 1985 Feast of St. JeromeAlexander A. Di Leila, O.EM. Department of Biblical Studies The Catholic University of America Washington, D.C. 20064CONTENTS Preface Principal Abbreviationsix xviiINTRODUCTION I. X.Title and Contents of the Book Ben Sira and His Times Canonicity of the Book and Place in the Canon Literary Genres Wisdom Traditions in the Old Testament Ben Sira and the Other Books of the Old Testament Ben Sira and Non-Jewish Literature The Original Hebrew Text and Ancient Versions The Poetry of Ben Sira The Teaching of Ben Sira3 8 17 21 31 40 46 51 63 75BIBLIOGRAPHY A. Geniza, Qumran, and Masada MSS of Ben Sira 2.
The Versions of Ben Sira B. Commentaries and Special and General Studies on Ben Sira C.
Concordances, Dictionaries, Grammars, and Lexica D. Wisdom Elsewhere in the Old Testament and Ancient Near East and Other Proverbial Literature E.
Qumran, Textual Criticism, and Other Pertinent Works119 122F. Histories of the Period12693 94 95 117T R A N S L A T I O N, NOTES, A N D C O M M E N T A R Y Foreword PART I131 (1:1-4:10)1. Introduction: The Origin of Wisdom (1:1-10) 2. Fear of the Lord Is Wisdom for Humankind (1:11-30)136 140xivCONTENTS3. 6.Trust in G o d (2:1-18) T h e Honor D u e Father and Mother (3:1-16) Humility (3:17-24) Docility, Almsgiving, Social Conduct (3:25-4:10)P A R T II(4:11-6:17)7. Wisdom's Rewards and Warnings (4:11-19) 8.
Against Cowardice (4:20-31) 9. Presumption, Duplicity in Speech, Unruly Passions (5:1-6:4) 10. True and False Friendship (6:5-17) PART III169 174 179 186(6:18-14:19)11. Encouragement to Strive for Wisdom (6:18-37) 12. Conduct Toward G o d and Neighbor (7:1-17) 13. Maxims for Family Life, Religion, and Charity (7:18-36) 14.
Prudence in Dealing with Others (8:1-19) 15. Advice Concerning Women and the Choice of Friends (9:1-16) 16. About Rulers and the Sin of Pride (9:17-10:18) 17. True Glory (10:19-11:6) 18. Providence and Trust in G o d (11:7-28) 19.
Care in Choosing Friends (11:29-12:18) 20. The Rich and the Poor (13:1-14:2) 21. The Use of Wealth (14:3-19) P A R T IV148 153 158 162190 197 203 209 215 221 227 235 242 249 257(14:20-23:27)22. T h e Search for Wisdom and Its Blessings (14:20-15:10) 23. Free Will and Responsibility (15:11-16:23) 24.
Divine Wisdom and Mercy as Seen in the Creation of Humankind (16:24-18:14) 25. Prudential Warnings (18:15-19:17) 26. Wisdom and Folly in Word and in Deed (19:18-20:32) 27.
Sin and Folly of Various Kinds (21:1-22:18) 28. The Preservation of Friendship (22:19-26) 29. Warning Against Destructive Sins (22:27-23:27)262 267 276 287 295 304 315 318CONTENTSPARTV30. 39.(24:1-33:18)Praise of Wisdom (24:1-33) Gifts That Bring Happiness (25:1-12) Wicked and Virtuous Women (25:13-26:1827) Hazards to Integrity and to Friendship (26:28-27:21) Malice, Anger, Vengeance. and the Evil Tongue (27:22-28:26) Loans, Alms, and Surety (29:1-20) Frugality and the Training of Children (29:21-30:13) Health, Cheerfulness, and Riches (30:14-31:11) Food, Wine, and Banquets (31:12-32:13) T h e Providence of G o d (32:14-33:18)P A R T VIP A R T VII359 368 373 378 384 393402 407 411 424 434 438(38:24-43:33)46. Vocations of the Skilled Worker and the Scribe (38:24-39:11) 47. Praise of G o d the Creator (39:12-35) 48.
Joys and Miseries of Life (40:1-41:13) 49. True and False Shame; a Father's Care for His Daughter (41:14-42:14) 50. The Works of G o d in Creation (42:15-43:33) P A R T VIII327 339 343 353(33:19-38:23)40. Property and Servants (33:19-33) 41.
Trust in the Lord and N o t in Dreams (34:1-20) 42. True Worship of G o d and His Response (34:21-36:22) 43.
Choice of Associates (36:23-37:15) 44. Wisdom and Temperance (37:16-31) 45. Sickness and Death (38:1-23)51. 56.XV445 454 462 476 484(44:1-50:24)Praise of Israel's Great Ancestors (44:1-16) The Early Patriarchs (44:17-23e) Praise of Moses, Aaron, and Phinehas (44:23f-45:26) Joshua, Caleb, the Judges, and Samuel (46:1-20) Nathan, David, and Solomon (47:1-22) T h e Northern Kingdom: Elijah and Elisha (47:23-48:15d)497 503 506 515 522 529XViCONTENTS57. Judah: Hezekiah and Isaiah (48:15e-25) 58. Josiah and the Prophets; Heroes Early and Late (49:1-16) 59. Simeon, Son of Jochanan (50:1-24) CONCLUSION536 540 546(50:25-51:30)60.
Judah's Neighbors; Postscript to the Book (50:25-29) 61. Ben Sira's Prayer (51:1-12) 62. H y m n of Praise from the Time of Ben Sira (51:12 i-xvi) 63. Autobiographical Poem on Wisdom (51:13-30)556 560 568 572INDEXES Authors Subjects583 593PRINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONS A AB AER AJSL Akk ALBO ALGHJ AnBib ANET AnOr Anton AOAT APOT A ArTAram ASTI ATR B BA BASOR BBB BeO BETL BHK BHS Bib BibOr BibS BIOSCSCodex Alexandrinus of the L X X Anchor Bible American Ecclesiastical Review American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literature Akkadian Akkadian Analecta lovaniensia biblica et orientalia Arbeiten zur Literatur und Geschichte des hellenistischen Judentums Analecta biblica J. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts. Analecta orientalia Antonianum Antonianum Alter Orient und Altes Testament R.
Charles, ed., Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament Arabic Arabic Aramaic Aramaic Annual of the Swedish Theological Institute Anglican Theological Review Codex Vaticanus of the L X X Biblical Archaeologist Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research Bonner biblische Beitrage Bibbia e oriente Bibliotheca ephemeridum theologicarum lovaniensium R. Kittel, Biblia hebraica Biblia hebraica stuttgartensia Biblica Biblica Biblica et orientalia Biblische Studien Bulletin of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies.
For the full reference, see the general Bibliography.xviii BJRL BKAT BoxOesterley BR BSOAS BTB BTFT BVC BWANT BZ BZAW C CBQ CBQMS chap(s). ConB Copt CowleyNeubauercsco DBSup DJD DuesbergFransen EBib EncJud Erlsr EstBib EstEcl Eth ETL EvT ExpTim FBBS FRLANT G GIPRINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONSBulletin of the John Rylands Library Biblischer Kommentar: Altes Testament G. Oesterley, 'Sirach,' in APOT. Biblical Research Bulletin of the School of Oriental (and African) Studies Biblical Theology Bulletin Bijdragen: Tijdschrift voor Filosofie en Theologie Bible et vie chr&tienne Beitrage zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testa ment Biblische Zeitschrift Beihefte zur ZAW Codex Ephraemi rescriptus of the L X X Catholic Biblical Quarterly Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series chapter(s) Coniectanea biblica Coptic A.
Cowley and A. Neubauer, eds., The Original Hebrew of a Portion of Ecclesiasticus.
Corpus scriptorum christianorum orientalium Dictionnaire de la Bible, Supplement Discoveries in the Judaean Desert of Jordan H. Duesberg and I. Fransen, Ecclesiastico. fetudes bibliques Encyclopedia judaica (1971) Eretz-Israel Estudios biblicos Estudios eclesidsticos Ethiopic Ephemerides theologicae lovanienses Evangelische Theologie Expository Times Facet Books, Biblical Series Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments Greek translation of Ben Sira Greek translation of the grandson. For the full reference, see the general Bibliography.PRINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONSGil Greg HALAT Hart HAT Heb Hen hend.
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HKAT HPR HR HSM HTI HTII HTR HTS HUCA IB IDB IDBSup IEJ Int ITQ JAOS JB JBL JCS JE JJS JNES JQR JQRMS JSJ JSOT JSOTSupxixThe expanded Greek translation of Ben Sira Gregorianum W. Baumgartner et al., Hebrdisches und aramaisches Lexikon zum Alten Testament J. Hart, Ecclesiasticus: The Greek Text of Codex 248.
Handbuch zum Alten Testament Hebrew Henoch hendiadys Handkommentar zum Alten Testament Homiletic and Pastoral Review History of Religions Harvard Semitic Monographs Hebrew original of Ben Sira Expanded Hebrew text of one or more recensions Harvard Theological Review Harvard Theological Studies Hebrew Union College Annual Interpreter's Bible G.
California Screamin by a third grader! California Screamin by a third grader!
Skip navigation Sign in. RCT3 California Screamin Stephen Q. Sep 01, 2011 this is what you are all waiting for my new califonria screamin' on rct3 almost no cs but the cars and the squares the squares are lights to be featured in. Sep 22, 2008 California Screamin' front seat on-ride HD POV (with full audio) Disney's California Adventure - Duration: 2:53. CoasterForce 1,313,741 views.One of Disney's California Adventure's most famous rides, the California Screamin', remade in RCT3, however, there are some things missing like the blue tubes on the chain hill, supports, etc.
Hopefully, I can work on this a little more. Also, if someone has any California Screamin' or California Adventure custom scenery, that would be greatly appreciated. I'm also aware that there is a cut in the audio at around, and that's not my fault.That was in the audio file that I got.
Anyway, hope you enjoy! HIGH QUALITY: Add &fmt=18 at the end of the URL. Bmw E46 Compact Betriebsanleitung Pdf Printer.Here is my first version of California Screamin' in RCT3. I know it is not perfect (there is only so much you can do with RCT3) but I think it is ok.If you have any tips please let me know.
This is my FIRST ever recreation so let me know what I can do to improve this. I will be getting the Wild!Expansion pack so I will be able to make the second version more accurate (I currently have soaked!). When I made this I had Windows Media player in the background and controlled it with buttons on my keyboard while running RCT3. I HAD it perfectly synchronized with the music.When I recorded the video it was slightly faster so it is no longer synchronized (NOTE: because of this I slightly sped up the music. It is at least close. I want to thank coasterfreak212, coasterfreak14, beatledude64, and beeker8 for posting their versions which inspired me to make my own.
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I soon hope to make a space mountain as well. Hope you enjoy!:) 'California Girls' is ©Capitol/EMI Records California Screaming' soundtrack is ©The Walt Disney Company.